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Eroding the meaning of “open source”, IBM-style
August 08, 2007

There’s been a lot of talk recently about the meaning of “open source” being eroded thanks to the likes of Centric CRM and Microsoft with a feeling that Microsoft is out to “corrupt the meaning and value of ‘Open Source’.”

I recently argued that Microsoft should be given the benefit of the doubt while Matt Asay has argued against discrimination.

After all, when it comes to eroding the meaning of ‘open source’, one need look no further than the apparent protector of all things Linux, IBM. As yesterday’s announcement from LinuxWorld shows, the company is more than happy to stretch the meaning of ‘open source’.

“IBM and Novell Join Forces to Support Growing Demand for Open Source” declares the company’s press release announcing that Novell will deliver and support WebSphere Application Server Community Edition on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server.

All well and good, except that WAS CE isn’t actually open source, as this telling line from the announcement makes clear:

“The agreement comes on the heels of the one millionth distribution of WAS CE, IBM's open source-based application server, which is based on Apache Geronimo and free to download and use.”

WAS CE is *based* on open source code, but it isn’t actually open source itself – in terms of it being distributed under an OSI-approved license – at least not all of it. As previously noted here the former CEO of JBoss, Marc Fleury, highlighted this issue over a year ago.

"While the resulting product is sometimes free, it is no longer 'open source' by any stretch of the imagination," he wrote.

An IBM FAQ on the subject has this to say about when WAS CE or Geronimo is the most appropriate product:

“If you have a brilliant idea for improving the application server implementation or for enhancing the application server for your environment, choose Apache Geronimo so you can obtain all the relevant source and build your own application server. Although it is not necessary, you may also consider contributing your changes to the open source community at the Apache Geronimo project.”

Elsewhere IBM describes the licenses is “liberal” rather than “open source”:

“There is no charge to use in development, testing, and production. You can make unlimited copies of the software for internal use. Since it uses open source that is licensed under Apache License, Version 2.0 as its underlying foundation, you have the flexibility to modify the source code of the application server to suit your needs.”

That freedom only extends to the Apache licensed code, however, not all of the WAS CE code. In that regard it can be thought of like EnterpriseDB’s Advanced Server database, which in the words of the company’s CEO, Andy Astor “is not open source, but we are based on open source”.

IBM is perfectly entitled to do what it has done with WAS CE given its use of an Apache license, but if we’re going to call out Microsoft or Centric or EnterpriseDB for not playing by the rules, it is important not to discriminate in IBM’s favour.

At least the company avoided using the term “open source” in its announcement of a Linux desktop collaboration initiative with Novell.

The company’s willingness to associate “open standards” as “an alternative to proprietary desktop applications” has led to confusion in the past, however, promoting suggestions that “open source” had jumped the shark.

It seems Michael O'Connell editorial director of IBM's developerWorks site, was also confused:

“And speaking of open source solutions, have you heard about the new IBM ‘Open Client Solution’ as an ‘alternative to vendor lock-in’ and to ‘improve interoperability and provide more choice to run different vendors' products that work together’?” he asked.

While the term “open source” was not actually used in the latest announcement, the connection is there to be made and any confusion does not hinder IBM’s cause. The same could be said of Microsoft choice of the phrase “Office Open XML”.

While IBM contributes more to the open source ‘ecosystem’, like Microsoft it is attempting to use open source as a foundation for selling more commercial products. If you’re going to discriminate against one for doing so, you have to discriminate against both.


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Posted by Matthew Aslett on August 8, 2007 12:22 PM

Comments

Matthew,

I don't speak for IBM but I just had to comment as the press release is about WAS CE, which is near and dear to my heart.

We've always been clear with customers that WAS CE is not an open source product. We don't use an OSI-approved license nor do we lead customers to believe that we do.

Customers buy technologies that solve business problems. I believe the success of WAS CE shows that it solves a class of customer problems.

The title of the press release is unfortunately not as clear as it could have been. But "IBM and Novell Join Forces to Support Growing Demand for Open Source and Open Source based Solutions" would have been a little wordy. Novell would want to use "open source" since their SUSE offering is not "open source based", it's "Open source". You see the complexity here.

But again, yes, we could have been clearer with the title. The text of the press release does make it crystal clear that WAS CE is "based on open source".

Posted by: Savio Rodrigues on August 8, 2007 05:16 PM

Thanks for the comment Savio. I agree the main text does make it clearer, but it is still confusing and the headline, I believe, is deliberately misleading.

Not to mention this line: "For customers looking at open source solutions, WAS CE 2.0 is the best option for those who need quick access to application server technology with no upfront costs."

Giving IBM the benefit of the doubt, it just goes to show that even with the best intentions errors are made.

Posted by: Matthew Aslett on August 8, 2007 05:49 PM

This confusion is the reason I never use the term open source. I use the original term, free source. It is much clearer, well defined, and resists PR manipulation. Plus it gets at the heart of why the software is created to begin with.

Posted by: John on August 9, 2007 05:12 AM

I am constantly amused by the whining that comes from "open source" proponents over companies taking advantage of the licensing terms that have been freely given to them. If the "open source" community does not want IBM to be able to base their products on their source code, they should change their license to the GPL or something similar. So what if IBM calls their non-free-software product "open source"? The term itself has been from the get go a compromise intended to allow companies to do just this kind of thing. You all made your bed, and now you should sleep in it without making such a fuss.

Posted by: James on August 9, 2007 05:21 AM

Let us compare.

IBM generally supports Open Source. Has even published substantial offerings under the GPL.

IBM makes one, just one, dubious statement suggesting a product being Open Source that isn't.


Microsoft has a proven track record using every dirty trick in and not in the book to kill competitors.

Microsoft is a monoplists. it is in the interest of a monoplist to maintain its monoply status. Microsoft acts in its own self interest.

Open Source is Microsoft's biggest competitive threat in its entire history. Its entire bag of tricks that it has succesfully used in the past to fend off competetion don't work against it. It cannot cut off its oxygen supply, it cannot buy it out, it cannot Embrace, Extend, Extinguish it.

It is not in Microsoft's interest to go Open Source. Open Source is alien to its business model. So when Microsoft says it is going Open Souce it isn't.


And who are saying that IBM is diluting the term Open Source just as IBM is doing? By that logic a driver caught for overspeeding is just as criminal as a serial killer.

You logic is idiotic. It just is nonsensical.

Posted by: Nonsense Debunker on August 9, 2007 10:37 AM

This is not a one-off from IBM, as the fact that there were two examples in the original post should make clear.

My point was that people shouldn't get hysterical about the fact that Microsoft might be trying to get two of its licenses approved as open source (by the legititmate route) and then turn a blind eye to IBM's misuse of the term.

That is discrimination and it is not something that, in my opinion, the FOSS community should aspire to.

Posted by: Matthew Aslett on August 9, 2007 10:49 AM

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